1 Corinthians 14:23

Authorized King James Version

If therefore the whole church be come together into one place, and all speak with tongues, and there come in those that are unlearned, or unbelievers, will they not say that ye are mad?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἐὰν
If
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
συνέλθῃ
be come together
to convene, depart in company with, associate with, or (specially), cohabit (conjugally)
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἐκκλησία
church
a calling out, i.e., (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation (jewish synagogue, or christian community of members on earth
#6
ὅλη
the whole
"whole" or "all", i.e., complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb
#7
ἐπὶ
into
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#8
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
αὐτὸ
one place
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
πάντες
all
all, any, every, the whole
#12
γλώσσαις
with tongues
the tongue; by implication, a language (specially, one naturally unacquired)
#13
λαλῶσιν
speak
to talk, i.e., utter words
#14
εἰσέλθωσιν
there come in
to enter (literally or figuratively)
#15
δὲ
and
but, and, etc
#16
ἰδιῶται
those that are unlearned
a private person, i.e., (by implication) an ignoramus (compare "idiot")
#17
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#18
ἄπιστοι
unbelievers
(actively) disbelieving, i.e., without christian faith (specially, a heathen); (passively) untrustworthy (person), or incredible (thing)
#19
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#20
ἐροῦσιν
say
an alternate for g2036 in certain tenses; to utter, i.e., speak or say
#21
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#22
μαίνεσθε
ye are mad
through the idea of insensate craving); to rave as a "maniac"

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Corinthians. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to pastoral letter addressing practical Christian living issues, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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